MEAT PRODUCTION OF THE SIMMENTAL AND BLACK-AND-WHITE BREEDS IN THE REPUBLIC MOLDOVA

S. Chilimar

Abstract
Reforms that took place in Moldovan agriculture after 1990 in the privatization and division of small plots of arable land caused the abolition of collective farms, zootechnical complexes in cattle breeding and raising for reproduction. There was created a disastrous situation in cattle industry. The proportion of reproductive cattle reached a dangerous level (approximately 1% of all livestock in the republic) which cannot fully restore the number of livestock breeds and genetic renovation of cattle in R. Moldova. There are imported young bulls for breeding and to create new farms which causes capital outflow to foreign countries. Improving cattle breeding activities are practically zero, there is not record of origin and youth development for breeding, production and quality of milk of cows, primary material. The selection is conducted randomly but not on the basis of productive potential because of that. Under these conditions degradation of populations of cattle breeds is happening in the country, which will be necessary to restore for enormous investments. Research has shown that local populations of Simmental and Black-and-White steers have good qualities for intensive breeading and effective meat production.

Key words: meat yield, Simmental breed, Black mottled breed, Republica Moldova

PRODUCŢIA DE CARNE A RASELOR SIMMENTAL ŞI BĂLŢATĂ CU NEGRU ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

S. Chilimar

Rezumat
Reformele care au avut loc în agricultura Republicii Moldova dupa 1990, privatizarea si divizarea terenurilor arabile în loturi mici au provocat lichidarea fermelor colective, a complexelor zootehnice. S-a creat o situatie dezastruoasa în cresterea taurinelor. Proportia bovinelor de reproducere a atins un nivel periculos (aproximativ 1% din toate animalele în republica), care nu pot asigura restabilirea pe deplin a efectivului de animale si renovarea genetica a taurinelor în R. Moldova. Pentru crearea fermelor noi se importa tineret de reproducere ceea ce determina exodul de capital în tari straine. Activitatile de ameliorare a taurinelor de reproductie sunt practic la nivelul zero, nu se înregistreaza originea si dezvoltarea tineretului pentru reproductie, productia si calitatea laptelui de vaca în calitate de materie prima. Selectia se desfasoara la întâmplare, dar nu pe baza studierii potentialului productiv. Din aceste cauze se produce degradarea populatiilor raselor de taurine pentru restabilirea carora vor fi necesare investitii enorme. Cercetarile au aratat ca populatiile locale de Simmental si Baltata cu negru au calitati bune de carne, pentru îngrasarea intensiva si producerea eficienta de carne.

Cuvinte cheie: productie carne, rasa Simmental, rasa Baltata cu negru, Republica Moldova