ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia Sappan L) EXTRACT AGAINST Haemophilus Influenza AND ITS IRON CHELATION ACTIVITIES IN VITRO

R. Safitri, D. Kartikasari, I. Sulistiyorini, D.M. Malini, M. Ghozali, A. Melani

Abstract
    Haemophilus influenzae is a normal bacterium in the upper respiratory tract of humans, it can be opportunistic and cause pathogenic conditions to cause Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI). This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Sappan wood extract (SWE) against Haemophilus influenza. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of SWE for Haemophilus influenzae at 10³ and 10⁵ CFU/mL were assessed by macrodilution method, with four treatment groups including SWE group, a positive control group, a negative control group, and antibiotic’s control group. AAS measured the reduction of free iron concentration in Haemophilus Test Medium Broth (HTMB) after the addition of bacteria and SWE. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the MIC value for SWE against Haemophilus influenzae at 10³ and 10⁵ CFU/mL was 16ppm and the MBC value was 32 ppm. The SWE at 16 ppm and 32 ppm could inhibit 98,64 % and 100 % of the Haemophillus infleunza in 10⁻³ and 10⁻⁵ dilutions, respectively and also the reduction of iron concentration as the effect of SWE to chelate iron. The iron-chelating property of SWE and the absolute dependency of Haemophilus influenzae to iron can be an important mechanism for the antimicrobial activity to Haemophilus influenzae. SWE is a potential herbal remedy to be developed as therapeutic agent for Haemophilus influenzae infectious disease